What preventive measures can be taken to minimize occurrences of 403 errors on a website or application?

To prevent 403 errors, ensure all web-accessible files and directories have correct and secure permissions. Properly configure server settings (like `.htaccess` or Nginx `location` blocks) to control access to sensitive areas and prevent directory listings. Regularly audit and update WAF and firewall rules to avoid false positives. Implement robust input validation to prevent requests that might trigger security rules, and provide clear authentication prompts where necessary.