How does a calculator determine the margin of error for a proportion?

Calculators typically use the following formula to determine the margin of error for a proportion: Margin of Error = z * sqrt((p * (1-p)) / n), where 'z' is the z-score corresponding to the desired confidence level, 'p' is the sample proportion, and 'n' is the sample size. The calculator performs these calculations based on user input for confidence level and sample data.