How can I run a CHKDSK (Check Disk) to fix potential disk errors?

Boot from Windows installation media. Navigate to Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Command Prompt. Then, run the command `chkdsk /f /r C:` (replace C: with the drive letter of your system partition if it's different). `/f` fixes errors, and `/r` locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. You may be prompted to schedule the disk check for the next restart; type `Y` and restart your computer.