Can file permission issues lead to a 'No such file or directory' error, or is it always a path issue?

Generally, file permission issues *do not* directly lead to a 'No such file or directory' error. A permission issue typically results in an `PermissionError` (Error 13), indicating that the operating system *found* the file or directory, but the current user lacks the necessary permissions to read, write, or execute it. The 'No such file or directory' error strictly means the operating system could not locate the specified path at all. However, in very rare and specific edge cases (e.g., highly restricted parent directories preventing listing contents, or complex network share scenarios), a permission issue might indirectly obscure the true path, but this is an exception. For 99% of cases, if you see 'No such file or directory', it's a path problem, not a permission problem.