Question
If the population standard deviation is unknown, how do we adapt the z-score calculation using standard error?
Asked by: USER7971
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Answer (110)
If the population standard deviation (σ) is unknown, we use the sample standard deviation (s) as an estimate. The standard error of the mean then becomes SE_mean = s / √n. The z-score is calculated as: z = (x̄ - μ) / (s / √n). However, for smaller sample sizes, it's more appropriate to use a t-score instead of a z-score.