How can I determine if the 403 error is due to a paywall?

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Grade: Education Subject: Support
How can I determine if the 403 error is due to a paywall?
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Look for clues on the page. Often, a 403 error on a publisher's site indicates a paywall. You might see messages like 'Subscription Required' or prompts to purchase access. Google Scholar may also display a small padlock icon next to articles behind a paywall.